Quantity of flowback and produced waters from unconventional oil and gas exploration

Andrew J. Kondash, Elizabeth Albright, Avner Vengosh ⁎ 

Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA

HIGHLIGHTS

• Estimated flowback and produced water volume from unconventional oil and gas wells is 1.7 to 14.3 × 106 L per well.